16 - Pathogenic Virus Families affecting Humans

Virus Families Pathogenic for Humans

Family Representative Viruses Type of RNA/DNA Lipid Envelope RNA Viruses Picornaviridae Poliovirus Coxsackievirus Echovirus Enterovirus Rhinovirus Hepatitis A virus (+) RNA No Caliciviridae Norwalk agent Hepatitis E virus (+) RNA No Togaviridae Rubella virus Eastern equine encephalitis virus Western equine encephalitis virus (+) RNA Yes Flaviviridae Yellow fever virus Dengue virus St. Louis encephalitis virus West Nile virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis G virus (+) RNA Yes Coronaviridae Coronavirusesa  (+) RNA Yes Rhabdoviridae Rabies virus Vesicular stomatitis virus (–) RNA Yes Filoviridae Marburg virus Ebola virus (–) RNA Yes Paramyxoviridae Parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus Newcastle disease virus Mumps virus Rubeola (measles) virus (–) RNA Yes Orthomyxoviridae Influenza A, B, and C viruses (–) RNA, 8 segments Yes Bunyaviridae Hantavirus California encephalitis virus Sandfly fever virus (–) RNA, 3 circular segments Yes Arenaviridae Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Lassa fever virus South American hemorrhagic fever virus (–) RNA, 2 circular segments Yes Reoviridae Rotavirus Reovirus Colorado tick fever virus ds RNA, 10–12 segments No Retroviridae Human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (+) RNA, 2 identical segments Yes DNA Viruses Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus ds DNA with ss portions Yes Parvoviridae Parvovirus B19 ss DNA No Papovaviridae Human papillomaviruses JC virus BK virus ds DNA No Adenoviridae Human adenoviruses ds DNA No Herpesviridae Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2b Varicella-zoster virusc Epstein-Barr virusd Cytomegaloviruse Human herpesvirus 6 Human herpesvirus 7 Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirusf ds DNA Yes Poxviridae Variola (smallpox) virus Orf virus Molluscum contagiosum virus ds DNA Yes

aIncluding the coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). bAlso called human herpesvirus (HHV) 1 and 2, respectively. cAlso called HHV-3. dAlso called HHV-4. eAlso called HHV-5. fAlso called HHV-8. Abbreviations: ds, double-strand; ss, single-strand.